Analysis of hand pressure in different crutch lengths and upper-limb movements during crutched walking |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Surgery, Alrijne Hospital, Leiderdorp, the Netherlands;2. Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands;3. Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, United States;4. Defense Healthcare Organization, Ministry of Defense, Utrecht, the Netherlands;1. Cardiovascular Engineering Lab, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran;2. Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;1. University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;2. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;3. Center for Surgery and Health Economics, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;4. Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA;1. Department of Urology, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California;2. Division of Urology, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, San Jose, California;3. Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;4. Division of Urology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;5. Division of Urology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada;6. Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota;7. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Santa Clara Valley Medical Center, Fruitdale, California;1. Laboratoire d’électronique, informatique et image, UMR CNRS 6306, Université de Bourgogne site d’Auxerre, route des plaines de l’Yonne, 89000 Auxerre, France;2. IUT Dijon-Auxerre, route des plaine de l’Yonne, 89000 Auxerre, France;3. GMed Tech, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland;4. Laboratoire d’électronique, informatique et image, UMR CNRS 6306, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne, 7 bd Jeanne d’Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France |
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| Abstract: | Hand pressure in crutch is important as it is directly related to the comfort of the patients using crutches. However, little research has been done on dynamical hand pressure during crutched walking. This study investigated hand pressures and joint movements in the upper limb with the different crutch lengths during crutched walking. Twelve healthy male adults participated in the study, and performed crutch-supported walking at bi-crutch and single-foot way. A specific mat of pressure sensors was designed to measure the hand pressure of the palm and fingers and a motion capture system used to capture the movements at the shoulder and elbow. It was found that when walking speeds were between 0.5 and 1.0 m/s, maximum pressure and force were approximately 120 kPa and 100 N respectively in the hand; the ranges of motion were from 28 to 60 deg at the shoulder and from 15 to 30 deg at the elbow. The results showed that the pressure-time integral and force-time integral in the hand are higher when using a traditional standard crutch length than using longer or shorter lengths. The visual analogue scores of conformable degree showed that the participants are favourite for a traditional standard crutch length. The pressure and kinematic data collected provide a set of database available for crutch manufacturer, glove designer and clinicians as reference when they need.Relevance to industryCrutched walking usually causes hand uncomfortable or injury. Our study provides the first experimental data of hand pressures and the joint movements in the upper limbs at different crutch lengths. These results are valuable for devising gloves for patients, thus improving the life quality of the patients using crutch. |
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| Keywords: | Hand pressure Crutch length Walking Joint movement |
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