高光谱遥感岩矿识别填图的技术流程与主要技术方法综述

自20世纪80年代以来,伴随着多种航空和航天成像光谱仪的研制成功和投入运行,一系列的图像光谱基本处理手段和实验室岩矿光谱分析技术方法,如最小噪声分量(MNF)变换-像元纯度指数(Pixel Purity Index,PPI)-N维可视化(N-Dimensional Visualization)、岩石类型系统光谱分类、多变量统计分析、矿物光谱特征确认的概率分析、MGM技术等相继发展起来,从而为形成成像光谱岩矿填图的完整技术流程打下了坚实的技术基础。分析了多种岩矿光谱分析的技术方法,同时指出,不同方法具有各自的优、缺点,针对不同应用目标需要不同的矿物识别与岩矿填图方案;混合方法的开发应用和从可见光到微波波段的融合应用在未来更为重要。

Summarizing the Technical Flow and Main Approaches for Discrimination and Mapping of Rocks and Minerals Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing

With many airborne and space-borne imaging spectrometers were created and applied for remote sensing since the 1980s, a serious of basic image processing methodologies and spectral analysis methods of minerals and rocks in laboratory, such as MNF, PPI, N-Dimensional Visualization, systematic spectral classification technique of rocks, and spectral multivariate statistic technique, probability certification analysis of mineral feature and MGM, have been developed. Technical methodologies, such as systematic spectral classification technique of rocks, and spectral multivariate statistic technique and MGM, for laboratory spectral analysis of rocks and minerals were developed out, which are the strong technical basements for the complete mineral and rock mapping flow chart using hyperspectral remote sensing. The major approaches for rocks and minerals discrimination and mapping were addressed in the paper. Meanwhile, the paper emphasized that every approach had its advantage and shortage, the specific approach selected must be tied to the objectives of the analysis. The development and applications of hybrid methods and merging of data across wavelength ranges from the visible to the microwave will become more important in the future.