全极化微波信号海面风场反演技术现状与发展趋势

全极化微波辐射计是一种新型的被动微波遥感仪器,可以测量海面辐射的全部4个Stokes参数,提供了测量海面风场的一种新方法。首先介绍了国内外先进微波辐射计的技术特点及其海洋遥感应用情况,然后描述了海面微波发射信号的变化机理,以及海面全极化信号的风向谐波特征及其反演海面风场的优势,归纳了全极化微波信号海面风场反演的总体技术思路和产品精度,最后分析了全极化微波辐射计风场反演的关键技术和难点,并对该项技术的发展进行了展望。

Overview of Sea Surface Wind Vector Retrieval Using Fully Polarimetric Microwave Signal

With the launch of the WindSat instrument on the Coriolis spacecraft on January 6,2003,a new era in microwave radiometer began.WindSat is the first fully polarimetric spaceborne microwave radiometer.Fully polarimetric microwave radiometer is a new passive remote sensing instrument,which can measure the whole of four Stokes parameters of sea surface radiation,providing a new technique for sea surface wind vector measurement.In the first place,some instrument characteristics and application in ocean remote sensing for some advanced spaceborne microwave radiometers in the world are introduced in this paper.The radiometers include SSM/I,TMI,AMSR-E,AMSR2 and WindSat.Secondly,the variation mechanism of microwave emission signals from ocean is reviewed,and wind direction harmonics of polarimetric signals from wind-induced roughened sea surface and their advantages in wind vector retrieval are discussed.Finally,the main ideas of retrieval accuracy and difficulties of sea surface wind vector retrieval technique using fully polarimetric microwave signal are summaried in detail,and development direction of this technique is prospected.