矿物与岩石的可见-近红外光谱特性综述

矿物和岩石的系统光谱学研究是当今高光谱遥感发展的基础。在简要介绍了吸收光谱产生的电子过程和振动过程机理后,系统归纳了主要矿物类型和岩石类型的可见-近红外光谱特征。认为矿物的吸收光谱主要由二价、三价铁离子和过渡族元素的电子跃迁以及晶体场效应等电子过程产生;此外,还可以由水分子、Al-OH、Mg-OH、碳酸根的振动过程及卤化物的色心和硫化物的导带产生;岩石的吸收光谱都是杂质、包体、蚀变及替代成分产生的,主要为铁、水和羟基、碳酸根、硼酸根的光谱。最后指出,不同物理、化学环境下的矿物光谱特征变异研究在将来的高光谱遥感地质勘察中将变的更为重要。

Summarizing the VIS-NIR Spectra of Minerals and Rocks

Systematic spectroscopic studies of minerals and rocks are the basements for hyperspectral remote sensing development. The VIS\|NIR spectral features of major minerals and rocks were systematic summarized after the absorption principle of electronic processes and vibration processes were briefly addressed in the paper. Absorption of minerals are caused by electric processes, such as crystal field effects and charge transfer absorption of Fe\+\{2+\}, Fe\+\{+3\} and transition elements; or aused by vibration processes of water molecule, Al\|O\|H, Fe\|O\|H, Mg\|O\|H, CO\+\{2-\}\-3, and color centers of fluorite and conduction bands of sulfur. Absorption of rocks are caused by Fe\+\{2+\}, Fe\+\{+3\} and water molecule, Al\|O\|H, Mg\|O\|H, CO\+\{2-\}\-3, which are impurity, inclusion, alteration or replacement components. At last, the paper pointed out that it is more important for geological exploration with hyperspectral remote sensing in the future to study the change regularity of mineral spectra in different geophysical and geochemical environments.