量子计算机进入实验阶段

首先简要介绍分层计算的制约；其次介绍最近量子信息的开发，在理论和实践两方面的通信和计算，诸如量子逻辑门、量子密码学、量子交缠性、超距传输的实验性实现、量子算法的首次实验性实现、量子因子分解、量子纪错码以及基于硅片的原子自旋量子计算机；最后讨论克服非相干性困难的方法。

Experimental Realization of Quantum Computers

In the first part of this paper, we briefly introduce the limitation of classical computation. In the second part, weintroduce recent developments on quantum information, communication and computation both in theoretical and experimentalrespects, such as quantum logic gates, quantum cryptography, quantum entangelment states, experimental realization ofteleportation, the first experimental realization of quantum algorithms, quantum factorization, quantum error-correcting code anda silicon-based nuclear spin quantum computer. At the last part, we discuss the ways to overcome the difficulties on decoherence.