| 区块链共识协议综述 |
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| 引用本文： | 夏清,窦文生,郭凯文,梁赓,左春,张凤军.区块链共识协议综述[J].软件学报,2021,32(2):277-299. |
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| 作者姓名： | 夏清 窦文生 郭凯文 梁赓 左春 张凤军 |
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| 作者单位： | 区块链技术与应用联合实验室(中国科学院 软件研究所), 北京 100190;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;计算机科学国家重点实验室(中国科学院 软件研究所), 北京 100190;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;可信计算与信息保障实验室(中国科学院 软件研究所), 北京 100190;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;中科软科技股份有限公司, 北京 100190 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院战略性先导A类专项（XDA20080200） |
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| 摘 要： | 共识协议作为区块链的核心技术，已经得到学术界和产业界的广泛重视，并取得一系列研究成果.当前关于共识协议的综述研究一般将共识协议作为整体进行比较分析，缺乏对共识协议中主要步骤的解耦与比较.本文将共识协议分为出块节点选举和主链共识两个主要步骤，并针对每个步骤进行协议间的分析比较.在出块节点选举部分，主要讨论工作量证明和权益证明，分析其中存在的问题、以及相应解决方案的分类比较.在主链共识部分，针对概率性共识和确定性共识，总结其安全目标，并进行安全性分析比较.通过共识协议的系统梳理，最后总结区块链共识协议的发展现状和发展趋势，以及未来重要研究方向.
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| 关 键 词： | 区块链 共识协议 出块节点选举 主链共识 工作量证明 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/9/30 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/2/13 0:00:00 |
Survey on Blockchain Consensus Protocol |
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| XIA Qing,DOU Wen-Sheng,GUO Kai-Wen,LIANG Geng,ZUO Chun,ZHANG Feng-Jun.Survey on Blockchain Consensus Protocol[J].Journal of Software,2021,32(2):277-299. |
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| Authors: | XIA Qing DOU Wen-Sheng GUO Kai-Wen LIANG Geng ZUO Chun ZHANG Feng-Jun |
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| Affiliation: | Joint Laboratory of Blockchain Technology and Application(Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Beijing 100190, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;State Key Laboratory of Computer Science(Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences), Beijing 100190, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;Sinosoft Company Limited, Beijing 100190, China |
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| Abstract: | As the core technology of blockchain, consensus protocol has received great attention from academy and industry in recent years. Existing surveys on blockchain generally regard the consensus protocol as a whole, and do not decouple and compare its main components. In this survey, we divide the consensus protocol into two main components, i.e., blocker election and main chain consensus. In the blocker election component, we mainly discuss two mechanisms, i.e., Proof of Work and Proof of Stake. For each mechanism, we analyze the encountered problems and compare their corresponding solutions. In the main chain consensus component, we summarize its security goal and conduct security comparison for probabilistic consensus and deterministic consensus. Through our comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art consensus protocol in blockchain, we finally summarize some important research directions for blockchain consensus. |
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| Keywords: | blockchain consensus protocol blocker election main chain consensus proof of work |
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