SimplyRep: A simple and effective reputation system to fight pollution in P2P live streaming |
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| Authors: | Alex Borges Vieira Rafael Barra de Almeida Jussara Marques de Almeida Sérgio Vale Aguiar Campos |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Computer Science Department, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Brazil;2. Computer Science Department, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil;1. Institute of Electrical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, PR China;2. Department of Manufacturing Engineering and Engineering Management, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;3. School of Electronic and Electric Engineering, University of Shanghai Jiaotong, Shanghai, PR China;1. School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, China;3. School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Hakodate 041-8655, Japan;4. School of Information Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, China;1. School of Electrical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 680-749, Republic of Korea;2. Samsung Electronics Co. LTD., Suwon, Gyeonggi 443-742, Republic of Korea;1. Deutsche Telekom Laboratories, Technische Universität Berlin, Ernst-Reuter-Platz 7, 10587 Berlin, Germany;2. Telecom ParisTech 23, Avenue d’Italie 75013 Paris, France |
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| Abstract: | Peer-to-Peer (P2P) streaming has become a popular platform for transmitting live content. However, due to their increasing popularity, P2P live streaming systems may be the target of user opportunistic actions and malicious attacks, which may greatly reduce streaming rate or even stop it completely. In this article, we focus on a specific type of attack called content pollution, in which malicious peers tamper or forge media data, introducing fake content before uploading it to their partners in the overlay network. Specifically, we present a new decentralized reputation system, named SimplyRep, that quickly identifies and penalizes content polluters, while incurring in low overhead in terms of bandwidth consumption. We evaluate our method with both simulation and experiments in PlanetLab, comparing it against two previously proposed approaches, namely, a centralized black list and a distributed reputation system, in various scenarios. Our results indicate that SimplyRep greatly outperforms the two alternatives considered. In particular, both black list and the distributed reputation method perform poorly when polluters act jointly in a collusion attack, reaching a data retransmission overhead (triggered by polluted chunks received) of 70% and 30%, respectively, whereas the overhead experienced by SimplyRep is at most 2%. Our results also show that SimplyRep is able to quickly isolate almost all polluters under a dissimulation attack, being also somewhat robust to a whitewashing attack, although the latter remains a challenge to effective P2P streaming. |
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