基于压缩感知和深度小波网络的列车故障识别

针对列车走行部故障振动数据无监督特征学习的难点，提出了一种基于压缩感知和深度小波神经网络（CS-DWNN）的列车故障识别方法。首先，对采集得到的列车走行部振动信号利用高斯随机矩阵进行压缩采样；其次，构建以改进小波自编码器（WAE）为基础的深层小波网络，将压缩后的信号直接输入网络进行自动逐层特征提取；最后，用DWNN学习到的多层特征分别训练多个深度支持向量机（DSVM）和深度森林（DF）分类器，并将识别结果进行集成。该方法利用深层小波网络从压缩信号中自动挖掘隐藏的故障信息，受先验知识和主观影响较小，并且避免了复杂的人工特征提取过程。实验结果表明，CS-DWNN方法取得了99.16%的平均诊断正确率，能够有效识别列车走行部的3种常见故障，识别能力优于传统的人工神经网络（ANN）、支持向量机（SVM）等方法和深度信念网络（DBN）、堆栈降噪自编码器（SDAE）等深度学习模型。

Train fault identification based on compressed sensing and deep wavelet neural network

Aiming at the difficulty of unsupervised feature learning on defect vibration data of train running part, a method based on Compressed Sensing and Deep Wavelet Neural Network (CS-DWNN) was proposed. Firstly, the collected vibration data of train running part were compressed and sampled by Gauss random matrix. Secondly, a DWNN based on improved Wavelet Auto-Encoder (WAE) was constructed, and the compressed data were directly input into the network for automatic feature extraction layer by layer. Finally, the multi-layer features learned by DWNN were used to train multiple Deep Support Vector Machines (DSVMs) and Deep Forest (DF) classifiers respectively, and the recognition results were integrated. In this method DWNN was employed to automatically mine hidden fault information from compressed data, which was less affected by prior knowledge and subjective influence, and complicated artificial feature extraction process was avoided. The experimental results show that the CS-DWNN method achieves an average diagnostic accuracy of 99.16%, and can effectively identify three common faults in train running part. The fault recognition ability of the proposed method is superior to traditional methods such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and deep learning models such as Deep Belief Network (DBN), Stack De-noised Auto-Encoder (SDAE).