固定费率下城市出租车拥挤收费模型与算法

针对出租车自身的特殊性, 研究了实施拥挤收费政策过程中出租车是否也应进行拥挤收费。在收费费率已知条件下, 采用组合网络均衡模型描述了出租车拥挤收费前后对出行产生、模式划分、流量分配以及出行分布的影响, 构建了与之等价的最优化模型, 设计了求解模型的启发式算法, 比较了对出租车征收拥挤费前后的社会福利变化。算例表明, 收费前的社会福利总是明显大于收费后的, 并且二者之间的差距随着出行者时间价值(VOT)的增加而减小, 随着弹性灵敏参数的增加而增大。这一研究有助于为拥挤收费政策制定者提供科学的决策依据。

Modeling and algorithm of taxicabs' payment forcongestion charges in road pricing zone under toll given

This paper investigated the problem of whether taxis should be tolled in the pricing zone when designing congestion pricing scheme by considering the taxi's characteristic. This paper proposed a combined network equilibrium model formulated as an optimal problem that described the Logit mode choice, traffic assignment, elastic demand and vacant taxi distributions under the toll given. And it presented a heuristic algorithm to solve this problem. It compared the social welfares before and after congestion toll was imposed on taxi. It is concluded that the social welfare of exemption taxis from the congestion pricing considerably outweighs that of charging them. Additionally, the gap which is inversely proportional to travelers' value of time increases with demand sensitivity parameter. The conclusion is thus able to provide some useful policy-relevant results for the regulator.