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Software diversity: Way to enhance safety?
Authors:G Dahll  M Barnes  P Bishop
Affiliation:

a Institutt fur Energiteteknikk, OECD Halden Reactor Project, PO Box 173, N-1751, Halden, Norway.

b Safety and Reliability Directorate, UK.

c National Power Technology and Environment Centre, UK.

Abstract:The topic of the paper is the use of diversely produced programs to enhance the safety of computer-based systems applied in safety-critical areas. The paper starts with a survey of scientific investigations on the impact of software redundancy made at various institutions around the world. Main emphasis will, however, be put on the PODS/STEM projects, which have been performed at the OECD Halden Project in cooperation with the Technical Research Center of Finland, the Safety and Reliability Directorate, AEA Technology, UK, and Central Electricity Research Laboratory (now National Power Technology and Environment Centre), UK. In these projects, three program versions were made independently by three different teams, all based on the same specification. The three programs were tested back-to-back with a large amount of test data. The experience and results from this process were carefully logged and used for further analysis. Various strategies for test data selection were compared, with respect to fault finding strategies, as well as to branch and statement coverages of the tested programs. The assumption of independence of failures in diversely produced programs was investigated. A particularly interesting effect, namely, failure masking due to program structure, was revealed. Static analysis techniques, software measures, and software reliability estimates were also studied.
Keywords:safety-critical systems  software testing  software diversity  back-to-back testing
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