区块链中Merkle树性能研究

区块链技术具有去中心化、安全可靠和不可篡改等特性，已经得到广大的重视.Merkle树是区块中核心组成部分，占据区块存储空间的96%以上，主要用来解决在区块链交易中的简化支付验证问题，因此选择合适的Merkle树结构会极大影响区块链系统性能.但是，目前缺乏公共的平台对不同区块链系统下的Merkle树性能进行分析和实验验证.本文提出了一整套相关性能评价与分析指标，从存储、验证和构建时间等方面，综合评价比特币、以太坊和超级账本三种主流区块链的Merkle树的性能.本文提出的指标及评价方法不仅为Merkle树的进一步研究提供了定量的数据支持，也为区块链从业者选择Merkle树结构提供了理论依据.

Performance Analysis and Research of Merkle Trees with Blockchain

Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization, security, reliability, and immutability, and has received widespread attention recently. Merkle tree is the core component of the block, accounting for more than 96% of the block storage. It is mainly used to handle the problem of simplified payment verification in Blockchain transactions. Therefore, choosing the appropriate Merkle tree structure will greatly affect the performance of the Blockchain. However, there is no public platform to analyze and verify the performance of Merkle tree under different Blockchain systems at present. In this study, we propose a set of related performance evaluation and analysis indexes in terms of storage, verification, and build time. The performance of the Merkle tree of the three mainstream Blockchains of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Hyperledger is evaluated. The index and evaluation method proposed in this study not only provides quantitative data support for further research on Merkle trees, but also provides guidance for Blockchain practitioners in choosing Merkle tree structures.