基于区块链的电力交易模型及博弈定价方法

为解决传统能源中心化交易模式缺少灵活性、透明性和可监督性等问题,满足新型电力系统中电网各主体间电力交易市场化、定价灵活化等新要求,提出一种基于区块链的电力交易模型及博弈定价方法。该电力交易模型具有分布式、去中心化、不可篡改和加密安全等优势。首先,建立基于区块链的电力交易模型,协调发、供、用等主体间的生产和消费行为,形成统一的市场机制；其次,提出了基于博弈的多时间尺度电力交易竞价机制,利用蚁群优化(ACO)算法求解可得每小时的最佳竞拍价格。最后,通过仿真验证了交易模型及博弈定价方法,在激励政策下各交易方收益最优化。结果表明,交易模型及定价方法在新能源参与交易背景下能有效地平衡市场各主体的效益；基于区块链的智能合约可实现电力交易过程的智能化、透明化和可追溯性。

Electricity trading model and game pricing method based on Blockchain

The centralized traditional energy trading mode has the problems of inflexibility, non-transparency and non-supervision. Furthermore, the new power system puts forward new requirements for the marketization of power trading and power pricing mechanism among various entities of various power grids. To solve these problems, and to meet the new requirements, a blockchain-based power trading model and a game-based pricing method were proposed. The trading system has the advantages of distribution, decentralization, immutability and cryptographic security, are effective ways to solve problems. Firstly, a blockchain-based power trading model is constructed to coordinate the production and consumption behavior among power generation, supply and use, so as to form a unified market mechanism. Secondly, a game-based multiple time scale bidding mechanism for power trading is proposed, and the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm is used to obtain the best bidding price per hour. Finally, the trading model and game pricing method are verified by simulation, and the returns of each trading participant are optimized under the conditions of incentive policies. The results show that the trading model and pricing method can effectively balance the benefits of participants involved in the market when new energy is considered . By smart contracts of blockchain, the trading system realizes the intelligence, transparency and traceability of the power trading process, and achieves win-win and coordinated development for all participants.