运行于区块链上的智能分布式电力能源系统:需求、概念、方法以及展望

智能分布式电力能源系统（Intelligent distributed，electrical energy systems，IDEES）具有组件种类繁多，数量庞大，管理困难，利润低微等特点，导致传统中心化的运营管理不再适合此类系统，而区块链技术可能是推行大规模分布式智能电力能源系统重要的技术路径.由于电力能源系统是一种具有社会和技术双重属性的系统，从而注定了其在用区块链实现运行时，必然需要多种区块链来描述和建模其不同的属性，在文中称之为“区块链群”.具体来说，从底层到高层，这个区块链群由分布式数据存储与服务区块链、智能资产管理区块链、电力系统分析区块链、智能合约运营区块链和智能电力交易支付区块链组成.基于区块链技术、分布式文件服务技术、分布式电力系统分析与管理技术，这些不同层次和功能的区块链自我组织、互相协助，最后形成一个分布式自主的电力能源运行系统.在此复杂系统中，频繁而深度的计算与交互衍生出系统智能，笔者期望这种智能将促成稳定、可靠、有效的电力能源生产、传输与消费.

Blockchain Based Intelligent Distributed Electrical Energy Systems:Needs,Concepts, Approaches and Vision

Intelligent distributed electrical energy systems (IDEES) are featured by vast system components, diversified component types, and difficulties in operation and management, which results in that the traditional centralized power system management approach no longer fits the operation. Thus, it is believed that the blockchain technology is one of the important feasible technical paths for building future large-scale distributed electrical energy systems. An IDEES is inherently with both social and technical characteristics, as a result, a distributed electrical energy system needs to be divided into multiple layers, and at each layer, a blockchain is utilized to model and manage its logic and physical functionalities. The blockchains at different layers coordinate with each other and achieve successful operation of the IDEES. Specifically, the multi-layer blockchains, named "blockchain group", consist of distributed data access and service blockchain, intelligent property management blockchain, power system analysis blockchain, intelligent contract operation blockchain, and intelligent electricity trading blockchain. It is expected that the blockchain group can be self-organized into a complex, autonomous and distributed IDEES. In this complex system, frequent and in-depth interactions and computing will derive intelligence, and it is expected that such intelligence can bring stable, reliable and efficient electrical energy production, transmission and consumption.