Video Grading of Oranges in Real-Time |
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Authors: | Michael Recce Alessio Plebe Giuseppe Tropiano John Taylor |
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Affiliation: | (1) Department of Computer and Information Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights, Newark, New Jersey, USA;(2) Agricultural Industrial Development (AID), Industrial Park, Blocco Palma I, Catania, Sicily;(3) Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, U.K |
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Abstract: | We describe a novel system for grading oranges into three quality bands, according to their surface characteristics. The system is designed to process fruit with a wide range of size (55–100 mm), shape (spherical to highly eccentric), surface coloration and defect markings. This application requires both high throughput (5–10 oranges per second) and complex pattern recognition. The grading is achieved by simultaneously imaging each item of fruit from six orthogonal directions as it is propelled through an inspection chamber. In order to achieve the required throughput, the system contains state-of-the-art processing hardware, a novel mechanical design, and three separate algorithmic components. One of the key improvements in this system is a method for recognising the point of stem attachment (the calyx) so that it can be distinguished from defects. A neural network classifier on rotation invariant transformations (Zernike moments) is used to recognise the radial colour variation that is shown to be a reliable signature of the stem region. The succession of oranges processed by the machine constitute a pipeline, so time saved in the processing of defect free oranges is used to provide additional time for other oranges. Initial results are presented from a performance analysis of this system. |
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Keywords: | pattern recognition multi-processor image processing |
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