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Infinite unfair shuffles and associativity
Authors:Maurice H ter Beek  Jetty Kleijn  
Affiliation:

aIstituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell’Informazione, CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy

bLIACS, Universiteit Leiden, PO Box 9512, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

Abstract:We consider a general shuffling operation for finite and infinite words which is not necessarily fair. This means that it may be the case that in a shuffle of two words, from some point onwards, one of these words prevails ad infinitum even though the other word still has letters to contribute. Prefixes and limits of shuffles are investigated, leading to a characterization of general shuffles in terms of shuffles of finite words, a result which does not hold for fair shuffles. Associativity of shuffling is an immediate corollary.
Keywords:Shuffling  Infinite words  Fairness  Associativity
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