东巴纸牌画及其艺术与文化特征

东巴纸牌画起源于公元3世纪左右。从流传至今的东巴纸牌画内容来看,可分为祭祀类、占卜类、头冠类3类,主要以动物、鬼神及日月星辰、山川草木等为题材。其构图方式主要有中心性构图、连环性构图、分割性构图、叙事性构图等。不同题材的纸牌画所采取的构图方式不同,色彩的运用也不相同:描绘神界、神像、神物等常用浅色调,以彰显和谐、祥和之气;而绘制鬼怪之类则多用深色调,显得诡异阴森,给人以威慑力。其常采用线条勾勒绘画对象,以表达纳西人对体积三度空间的认识。东巴纸牌画的文化内涵表现出强烈的民族性、宗教性和地域性特征。

Dongba Card Painting and Its Artistic and Cultural Characteristics

Dongba card painting originated from about the third century. As to the contents, Dongba card painting could be divided into three categories of sacrifice, divination, and head crown class which were mainly focused on animal spirits, ghosts and gods, the moon and stars, and mountains and vegetations as the theme. The modes of composition mainly consisted of central composition, serial composition, segmentation composition and narrative composition. Differ-ent themes of the cards took different modes of composition with the use of varied color. Light colors were often used to depict the divine realm, idols and materials to highlight the harmonious and peaceful atmosphere, while deep tones were employed to paint the ghosts and monsters to create the sense of frightful eeriness as a deterrent. Lines were usually sketched to draw the objects to express Naxi people’s understanding of three dimensional space. The cultural connotation in Dongba card paintings indicated the strong national character, religiousness and localization.