Fe和C元素对铜合金组织结构及力学性能的影响

目的 增强铜合金的强度、硬度,拓展该合金的应用范围.方法 在铜粉中添加不同比例共析成分的铁粉和石墨粉,利用真空热压烧结法,制备Cu-Fe-C合金.结果 热压烧结可以原位生成渗碳体;随着铁粉、石墨粉添加量的增加,铜基体的硬度持续增加,Cu-Fe-C合金的抗拉强度先上升后下降;当铁粉和石墨粉的质量分数为5％时,抗拉强度由197 MPa增大至281 MPa,提升了43％.结论 强度和硬度的升高是第二相引起的晶粒细化和第二相强化所致,强度先升后降的原因是随着石墨粉的增加,石墨粉聚集区逐渐增多,割裂了铜基体.

Effects of Fe and C on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Copper Alloys

This paper aims to enhance the strong hardness of the copper alloy and expand the application range of the alloy. Cu-Fe-C alloy was prepared by adding iron powder and graphite powder with different proportions of eutectoid composition to copper powder, and using vacuum hot pressing sintering method. The effect of the addition of iron powder and graphite powder on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Fe-C alloy was studied. The results show that hot press sintering can generate cementite in situ; with the increase of iron powder and graphite powder addition, the hardness of the copper matrix continues to increase, but the tensile strength of Cu-Fe-C alloy first increases and then decreases; when the powder and graphite powder are added at 5% (mass fraction, the same below), the tensile strength increases from 197 MPa to 281 MPa, an increase of 43%. The increase of the strong hardness is caused by the second phase to refine the crystal refinement and the second phase strengthening, and the reason for the first increase and then decrease of the strength is that with the increase of graphite powder, the graphite powder accumulation area gradually increases, which splits the copper matrix.