镍基单晶高温合金杂晶缺陷的研究进展

随着单晶涡轮叶片结构的不断优化和高温合金中难熔元素添加量的增大，镍基高温合金单晶叶片在凝固过程中更易出现杂晶、条纹晶、枝晶碎臂、小角度晶界等缺陷。其中，杂晶是单晶叶片制备过程中最常见的一类凝固缺陷，严重影响单晶叶片的成品率。为了减少该类凝固缺陷的产生，提高叶片的成品率，研究镍基单晶高温合金杂晶缺陷的形成机制、影响因素及其控制措施，对提高单晶叶片的服役性能具有重要意义。因此，关于定向凝固过程中杂晶缺陷的形成机制、影响因素及其控制措施的研究，引起了国内外研究者的广泛关注。本文综述了单晶叶片的制备技术，分析了籽晶法和选晶法制备单晶叶片过程中不同位置杂晶的形成机理，分别讨论了选晶段杂晶、籽晶回熔区杂晶、缘板杂晶的影响因素和控制措施，并对未来的研究方向进行了展望。

Research Progress on Stray Grain Defects in Ni-based Single Crystal Superalloy

With the complexity of turbine blade structure and the increase of refractory elements in alloy, solidification defects such as stray grain, freckles, dendrites fragment and low angle grain boundaries are more likely to occur during the preparation of nickel-based single crystal superalloy blades. Among them, the occurrence of stray grain is a prevalent defect during the solidification process in the production of single crystal blades, which seriously affects the delivery rate of single crystal blades. In order to reduce the occurrence of such solidification defects and improve the yield of blades, the work aims to study the formation mechanism, affecting factors and strategies for mitigating stray grain defects in nickel-based single crystal superalloy, which is of significant importance for enhancing the service performance of single crystal blades. Therefore, the investigation into the formation mechanism, affecting factors, and strategies for mitigating stray grain defects in directional solidification process has attracted extensive attention from researchers in China and abroad. The preparation technology of single crystal blade was reviewed, the formation mechanism of stray grain at different positions in the preparation process of single crystal blade by seed crystal method and crystal selection method was analyzed, the affecting factors and measures used to control stray grain in the crystal selection section, seed crystal remelting zone and edge plate stray grain were discussed, and the future research direction was prospected.