特种机械中杆类零件的局部成形工艺及模具设计

以某产品的机头体为例,原采用开式模锻工艺,材料利用率低,机加定位难度大。为了提高毛坯的净化程度和降低生产成本,需要更高效的加工方式。通过对电镦过程的工艺参数摸索,根据已有设备改进工装模具,并借助有限元模拟分析,最终设计采用了一次加热下同时完成局部镦粗再挤压成形的工艺。该工艺难点是控制镦粗的形状,以及砧子和挤压模的材料选择。经计算,该毛坯材料利用率提高到95.4%,并且由于杆部未变形,外形更利于后期机加定位夹持。

Local Forming Process and Die Design for the Rod Part of the Special Machinery

The former technology of the bolt head body of a product is open die forging. The material utilization is low, and positioning in machining is difficult. In order to improve the material utilization of the forging and reduce the production cost more efficient processing method is needed, With the help of the finite element simulation analysis the electric upsetting process parameters are researched by improving tooling of the existing equipment. The final design is finished that local upsetting then extrusion are conducted after single heating. The key points of the process are the control of the shape of upsetting, material selection of extrusion die and anvil. Through calculation, the blank material utilization is increased to 95.4~, and the rod part of the bolt head body is not deformed which is more favorable to the positioning clamp in machininl~.