基于CMT技术的铝合金电弧增材制造研究现状

由于铝合金的应用领域较为广泛,使其增材制造技术成为了研究热点。CMT技术作为一种新型焊接工艺,焊接过程中弧长控制较为精确,其热输入量小、飞溅少等工艺特点非常适合铝合金等低熔点金属的增材制造,因此,铝合金CMT增材制造技术成为了近年来国内外各研究机构的研究热点。从控形控性的角度分析了国内外相关研究机构的研究方向,重点综述了焊接速度、送丝速度、CMT工艺等工艺参数和热处理对成形件形貌及性能的影响,同时概述了铝合金CMT电弧增材制造中尺寸控制、组织性能、气孔缺陷等方向的研究工作。借此指出,基于CMT技术的铝合金电弧增材制造技术的相关研究工作仍主要聚焦于试验研究阶段,并未深入到成形机理的探究。该领域的研究工作应更深入、系统地从成形尺寸精度控制、控制气孔缺陷、组织演变规律及性能优化等角度展开,力求加速推进该技术在现代制造业的应用。

Research Status of the Aluminium Alloy Arc Additive Manufacturing Technology Based on the CMT

Aluminum alloy benefits from a wide range of applications, making aluminum alloy additive manufacturing technology a hot topic of research. As a new welding process, CMT technology is more accurate in arc length control during welding. The process characteristics of small heat input and less spattering are very suitable for the additive manufacturing research of low melting point metals such as aluminum alloy. Therefore, CMT additive manufacturing technology has become a hot research of many research institutes at home and abroad in recently years. The paper analyzes the research directions of relevant research institutions at home and abroad from the perspective of controlling shape and controlling mechanical property. It highlights the influence of technological parameters like welding speed, wire feeding rate and CMT technology and thermal treatment on the appearance and performance of formed parts. Also, it describes the domestic and international research work on dimensional control, microstructure performance and porosity defects in aluminum alloy CMT arc additive manufacturing. It aims to point out that the related research of aluminum alloy arc additive manufacturing technology based on the CMT technology still focuses on the experimental research stage and does not go deep into the forming mechanism. The research work in this field should be developed in more depth and systematically from the perspectives of controlling dimensional accuracy, controlling porosity, change regulation of microstructure and optimization of mechanical property to accelerate the application of this technology in modern manufacturing.