A theoretical and experimental analysis of the received signal fromdisturbed blood flow

A theoretical and experimental study of the received ultrasonic signal from calibrated stenotic flow phantoms is presented. A finite element analysis of the velocity profile for 30, 50, and 80% stenoses provides a basis for the study of the experimental results. High-resolution images of the returned signal obtained from a unique experimental system and a high volume concentration of scatterers are then presented. The authors show that in the presence of 30 and 50% stenoses, particularly for the low velocities which would be associated with diastole, the duration of the signal correlation increases in a region which is distal to the stenosis and near the vessel walls, rather than the expected decrease. This results from the decrease in the mean velocity and velocity spread within this region. In the presence of high velocities associated with systolic flow, the magnitude of the reverse flow component increases as does the peak velocity in the center of the vessel. These changes produce an increase in the radial velocity gradient, a shift in the gradient peak, and a decrease in the correlated signal interval in comparison with laminar flow. Thus, the spatial variation in the mean velocity and velocity gradient, and spatial variation in the signal correlation can be used to detect the change in the flow profile