A Modular Software System to Assist Interpretation of Medical Images—Application to Vascular Ultrasound Images

Improvements in medical imaging technology have greatly contributed to early disease detection and diagnosis. However, the accuracy of an examination depends on both the quality of the images and the ability of the physician to interpret those images. Use of output from computerized analysis of an image may facilitate the diagnostic tasks and, potentially improve the overall interpretation of images and the subsequent patient care. In this paper, Analysis, a modular software system designed to assist interpretation of medical images, is described in detail. Analysis allows texture and motion estimation of selected regions of interest (ROIs). Texture features can be estimated using first-order statistics, second-order statistics, Laws' texture energy, neighborhood gray-tone difference matrix, gray level difference statistics, and the fractal dimension. Motion can be estimated from temporal image sequences using block matching or optical flow. Image preprocessing, manual and automatic definition of ROIs, and dimensionality reduction and clustering using fuzzy c-means, are also possible within Analysis. An important feature of Analysis is the possibility for online telecollaboration between health care professionals under a secure framework. To demonstrate the applicability and usefulness of the system in clinical practice, Analysis was applied to B-mode ultrasound images of the carotid artery. Diagnostic tasks included automatic segmentation of the arterial wall in transverse sections, selection of wall and plaque ROIs in longitudinal sections, estimation of texture features in different image areas, motion analysis of tissue ROIs, and clustering of the extracted features. It is concluded that Analysis can provide a useful platform for computerized analysis of medical images and support of diagnosis