基于FMEA的军队第三方物流供应商选择

目的 针对军队第三方物流供应商的选择问题，从风险视角对供应商完成军事保障任务过程中可能存在的风险进行识别和评估，以降低军事物流外包风险，为军队第三方物流供应商决策提供方法和思路。方法 提出可将FMEA技术运用于军队第三方供应商选择中的操作性框架，按照框架流程确定评价标准、识别潜在失效模式、决策分析，可更加全面、科学地对军队第三方供应商做出选择。结果 在不考虑风险的情况下，5家候选供应商中E的原始评分最高，D排名居中，但经过FMEA分析后，由于E在单项评价指标上的风险比例太大，而D的各项指标风险比原始排名靠前的供应商小很多，因此D成为军队最终选择的供应商。结论 利用FMEA分析军队第三方物流供应商选择问题，可以起到事先识别可能出现的失效模式，分析产生原因和可能导致的后果以及现有措施的可控程度，从而评估每位候选供应商在确定的评价标准中的风险大小，最后综合原始评分得出了供应商选择的结果。该方法操作简单、计算方便，能比较全面衡量军队第三方物流供应商的综合水平，有助于提高军队物资保障效率，降低物资保障风险。

Selection of Military Third-party Logistics Suppliers Based on FMEA

In view of the selection of military third-party logistics suppliers, the work aims to identify and evaluate the possible risks in the process where suppliers accomplish military support missions from the risk perspective, so as to reduce the outsourcing risk of military logistics and provide methods and ideas for the decision-making of military third-party logistics suppliers. An operational framework to apply FMEA technology in the selection of third-party military suppliers was proposed. Evaluation criteria to be determined, potential failure modes to be identified, and decisions to be analyzed according to the framework process could lead to a more comprehensive and scientific selection of military third-party suppliers. Without considering the risk, E had the highest original score and D ranked in the middle among the five candidate suppliers. After the FMEA analysis, because E had too much risk in an evaluation index, and D had much less risk in each index than the original top-ranked suppliers, D became the final supplier selected by the army. Through the analysis on the selection of military third-party logistics suppliers based on FMEA, the possible failure modes can be identified in advance, and the causes and possible consequences as well as the degree of control of existing measures can be analyzed. Thus, the risk of each candidate supplier in the determined evaluation criteria is evaluated, and finally the result of supplier selection is obtained by combining the original score. This method is simple to operate and easy to cal-culate. It can measure the comprehensive level of the military third-party logistics suppliers comprehensively and help improve the efficiency of military material support and reduce the risk of material support.