基于实践共同体理论的数字设计与建造教学研究——以南艺“无障碍”设计工作坊为例

目的 对实践共同体理论下数字化设计与建造课程教学组织的优化途径进行梳理和研究。方法 以认知学科的实践共同体理念为基础，群体性、异质性和实践性是实践共同体理论的要素和特征，从这三个维度探究设计教学组织的要点和方法。结果 实践共同体理论下的教学组织是实现综合应用性创意设计人才培养目标的合理途径。结论 实践共同体理论从应用层面提供教学组织优化的路径和措施，包括注重教学范式的转变、学习共同体的建构、促进共同参与的活动、学习成果评价的多元化;将理论研究应用到南艺设计教学实践中，数字医疗康复产品设计和建造是艺术与技术高度交叉的应用性课题，围绕该主题以工作坊的形式，从真实性任务的课题设置、促进协同的教学组织、全过程的学习反馈机制三个方面展开教学实践。

Digital Design and Manufacturing Teaching Based on Practical Community:with "Design for Disabled People" Workshop as an Example

The work aims to sort out and study the optimization scheme for digital design and manufacturing of teaching organization based on the theory of practical community of cognitive science. The key points and methods for design of teaching organization were explored from group, heterogeneity and practicality which are the basic elements and characteristics of the theory of practical community. The teaching organization under the theory of practical community was an effective way to achieve the goal of training applied creative design talents. The theory of practical community provides eeffective paths and measures for optimizing teaching organization at the practical application level, such as focusing on the transformation of teaching paradigm, constructing a learning community, promoting students'' participation in the process, and diversifying the assessment on study achievement. At the same time, theoretical research is effectively applied to the teaching practice design of NUA. The design and construction of digital medical rehabilitation products is an applied subject in which art and technology are highly intersected. The teaching practice will be carried out in the form of workshops in the following three aspects:adding practical tasks to the curriculum, promoting collaboration in teaching organizations, and implementing the learning process through feedback mechanisms.