基于行为适应性评价的老年人家居产品设计方法研究

目的 全面、系统、准确地把握老年人行为特征，构建家居产品系统适应状态评价体系，为老年人家居产品设计建立实践基础，提高老年人居家养老的生活质量。方法 将老年人基本行为动作进行分类归纳，编制老年人家居行为状态调查问卷，选择上海地区120位65~90岁老年人进行调查。对调查数据运用因子分析、回归分析等方法进行统计分析，从而形成以用户行为特征为依据的家居产品适应性评价体系。结论 基础动作、精细动作、手部动作、力量耐力与协调性、认知状态等是影响老年人家居产品适应性评价的主要因素。依据评价指标体系及其影响权重分布，结合设计实践案例，探索归纳出:认知路径的优化设计，力量、耐力与协调性辅助优化设计，精细动作的粗操作化设计，基础行为的可达性设计等老年人家居产品设计方法。

Research on The Design Method of Elderly Household Products Based on Behavioral Adaptability Evaluation

This paper aims to comprehensively, systematically, accurately grasp the behavior characteristics of the elderly, establish a practical basis for the design of elderly household products, and improve the quality of life of the elderly at home. The basic behaviors of the elderly were classified and summarized, and a questionnaire on the elderly''s home behavior was prepared. 120 elderly people aged 65~90 in Shanghai were selected for the survey. Factor analysis, regression analysis and other methods are used for statistical analysis of survey data, so as to form a household product adaptability evaluation system based on user behavior characteristics. Basic action, fine action, hand action, strength tolerance and coordination, and cognitive state are the main factors affecting the adaptability evaluation of elderly household products. According to the evaluation index system and its influence weight distribution, combined with design practice cases, we explored and summarized the following design methods for elderly residential products:optimization design of cognitive path, auxiliary optimization design of strength, endurance and coordination, rough manipulation design of fine action, accessibility design of basic behavior, etc.