转子压缩机与涡旋压缩机的对比与发展

空气源热泵压缩机的性能是适合不同气候条件的热泵的关键。本文回顾了转子与涡旋压缩机的发展历程,早期房间空调器用压缩机为活塞式,后期出现了转子压缩机和涡旋压缩机,压缩机效率得以提升。转子式压缩机和涡旋式压缩机均向适应低环境温度工况的方向发展。介绍了影响这两种压缩机发展的关键技术,改进电机与压缩机的结构来提升压缩机效率,通过变压比、喷气增焓、部分负荷下调节等技术,提升了压缩机系统性能系数COP与综合部分负荷性能系数IPLV(H)。采用直流电机替代交流电机,可提高两种压缩机的电机效率和频率调节范围。通过对涡旋压缩机进行不对称涡旋盘设计,可减小噪音与泄漏量;对转子压缩机的双转子进行对称布置,增大了压缩机的容量。带排气阀的涡旋压缩机可在一定程度上实现变压缩比,而转子式压缩机有排气阀,在变工况方面具有明显的优势。两种压缩机均可采用喷气增焓技术,实现热泵低环境温度较大的压缩比。

Comparison and Development of Rotary and Scroll Compressor

The performance of compressors is an important key in air-source heat pumps under different climatic conditions. The development of compressors is reviewed in this study. Previously, the compressor used in a room air conditioner was a piston compressor. With the emergence of rotary and scroll compressors, the efficiency of compressors has increased. Both rotary and scroll compressors have been developed to adapt to low ambient temperature. Simultaneously, the key technologies that affect the development of compressors are introduced. The compressor efficiency is improved by the improvement in the motor and compressor structures. The coefficient of performance (COP) and integrated part load value (IPLV(H)) have been improved using the techniques of variable compression ratio, enhanced vapor injection, and integrated-part load adjustment. The use of DC motors instead of AC motors can increase the motor efficiency and range of frequency adjustment of both compressors. By designing the scroll compressor using asymmetric swirl disks, noise and leakage can be reduced. The symmetrical arrangement of dual rotors can enhance the compressor capacity. Scroll compressors with exhaust valves can achieve variable compression ratios to a certain extent. Rotor compressors contain exhaust valves, which offer significant advantages in varying operating conditions. Both types of compressors can use the gas injection technology to achieve a high compression ratio of the heat pump at a low ambient temperature.