利用扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)研究坛紫菜的遗传变异

应用AFLP技术对浙江普陀列岛、渔山列岛和南麂列岛野生坛紫菜、福建野生厚型及薄型以及栽培坛紫菜的两个表型分化类型进行了研究。结果表明：坛紫菜的遗传变异较为丰富，共记录了528个位点，其中16个为单态位点，其余的为多态位点，多态位点比例达到96.97%。其遗传距离与地域分布正相关，说明不同的环境因素可能是造成坛紫菜遗传变异的主要因素。对遗传距离进行UPGMA和Neighbor-joining聚类分析表明具有薄型叶片性状的浙江野生坛紫菜和福建野生薄型坛此菜聚合，而福建野生厚型与栽培具厚型叶片，当地俗称为木耳菜的样本聚合。该结果基本清楚地反映了坛紫菜表型特征的分化。栽培薄型叶片俗称鸡毛菜样本在不同聚类方法中分别于外侧并入不同的分支。在福建野生坛紫菜与养殖坛紫菜的AFLP图谱中仅发现了三条与叶片性状相关的谱带：具有厚型叶片性状的坛紫菜共有的ACC-CAA(100)和ACT-CAG(232)，具有薄型叶性状的坛紫菜共有的ACC-CAA(490)。

Genetic Variation of Porphyra haitanensis by Applying AFLP

In this study, AFLP technique was applied to detect the genetic variation in the two types of cultured samples and the wild samples of P. haitanensis from Zhejiang and two types of wild samples from Fujian Provinces. High genetic variation occurred in this species. Among 528 loci recorded, 16 were unique, the ratio of polymorphic loci was 96.97%. The samples from the same location showed a close genetic distance and jointed into each other early in clustering, which suggested that the environment factors might be the main effect on genetic variation in P. haitanensis. Similar cluster trees were obtained with UPGMA and Neighbor-joining methods. The wild samples from Zhejiang and Fujian provinces characterized by thin-thallus formed a basic AFLP branch. The cultivated thick-thallus samples, which were locally called muer-type laver and the wild Fujian samples with thick-thallus made the other AFLP branch. The cluster of P. haitanensis basically reflected the differentiation of morphologic trait. The cultured thin-thallus type(which were locally called jimao-type laver) jointed into different AFLP groups at the outside. Among those AFLP maps, ACC-CAA(100) and ACT-CAG(232) were commonly existed in thick-thallus type both wild and cultured, ACC-CAA(490) was shared by the thin-thallus type.