公路隧道垂直疏散通道设计参数研究

隧道疏散救援研究是当今地下工程领域一个重要的研究方向。为给公路隧道垂直疏散通道的参数设计提供依据,针对公路隧道中的滑梯、楼梯这两种常见垂直疏散通道的宽度、间距等参数进行了研究。基于人员在隧道中的实际疏散行为、运动速度等因素,考虑人员疏散行动中的反应,运用Pathfinder软件建立了隧道疏散模型。其中引入了“多米诺骨牌”阶段性效应将隧道按照与火灾点位置的不同划分为不同的响应时间区域。并利用前人的现场疏散实验数据验证了模型的准确性。考虑隧道全线堵塞、车辆满载的极端交通条件及火灾发生在隧道中间一处疏散通道位置的不利情况,研究了滑梯、楼梯不同间距及楼梯不同宽度对人员疏散时间及通过能力的影响。结果表明,楼梯宽度在0.8~1.1m之间每增加0.1m,通过能力增加约0.04人/s;宽度达到1.1m及以上时,每增加0.1m,通过能力增加约0.1人/s。在人员可用安全疏散时间(ASET)设定为8min的条件下,基于最长疏散时间及短暂聚集原则,通过对比分析得到了滑梯的最佳间距,拟合得到了楼梯最佳间距与宽度之间的关系式。此外,从降低建设成本及减小疏散口践踏等次发事故发生概率的角度考虑,相比于减小间距,增大楼梯的宽度更有利于人员的安全疏散。

Study on the Design Parameters of Vertical Evacuation Channels for Highway Tunnel

The research of tunnel evacuation and rescue is an important topic in the field of underground engineering.To provide a foundation for the parameter design of vertical evacuation channels of highway tunnel,had studied the width and spacing aiming at two common vertical evacuation channels,slide and stair.Based on actual evacuation behavior and movement speed of personnel in tunnel,and considering the response in evacuation,Pathfinder software was adopted to establish the tunnel evacuation model.A"domino effect"was introduced to divide the tunnel into different response time zones according to the distance from the fire.And the accuracy of the model was verified by using the data of previous evacuation experiments.Considering the severe traffic conditions of full blockage and full load of vehicles,and the adverse situation of fire occurring in an evacuation channel in the middle of the tunnel,the effects of different spacing of slides and stairs and different width of stairs on evacuation time and pass capacity of personnel were studied.The results show that every 0.1m increase in the width of from 0.8 to 1.1m,the traffic capacity of stairs can bring an increase of approximately 0.04 persons per second;when the width reach 1.1m or above,each 0.1m increase will improve the capacity by about 0.1 persons per second.Under the condition that the available safe evacuation time(ASET)is set at 8min,based on maximum evacuation time and short gathering principle,the optimal spacing of slide is obtained through comparative analysis,and the relational equation between the optimal spacing and width of stairs is obtained by fitting.In addition,from the perspective of reducing the construction cost and the probability of the accident of evacuation exit trample,increasing the width of stairs is more conducive to the safe evacuation of personnel comparing with decreasing the spacing.