Microwave-induced combustion synthesis and electrical conductivity of Ce1?xGdxO2?1/2x ceramics |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Dong-Hwa University, Shou-Feng, Hualien 974, Taiwan;2. Department of Resources Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. UM Power Energy Dedicated Advanced Centre (UMPEDAC), Level 4, Wisma R&D UM, University of Malaya, 59990 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;3. Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy (CoRERE), King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia;4. Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;5. Process and Energy Department, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 44, CA Delft 2628, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Ce1?xGdxO2?1/2x nanopowder were successfully synthesized by microwave-induced combustion process. For the preparation, cerium nitrate, gadolinium nitrate hexahydrate, and urea were used for the microwave-induced combustion process. The process took only 30 min to obtain Ce1?xGdxO2?1/2x powders. The exo-endo temperature, phase identification, and morphology of resultant powders were investigated by TG/DTA, XRD, and SEM. The as-received Ce1?xGdxO2?1/2x powders showed that the average particle size ranged from 18 to 50 nm, crystallite dimension varied from 11 to 20 nm, and the specific surface area was distribution from 16 to 46 m2/g. As for Ce1?xGdxO2?1/2x ceramics sintered at 1450 °C for 3 h, the bulk density of Ce1?xGdxO2?1/2x ceramics were over 91% of the theoretical density, the maximum electrical conductivity, σ700 °C = 0.017 S/cm with minimum activation energy, Ea = 0.869 eV was found at Ce0.80Gd0.20O1.90 ceramic. |
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