风致积雪漂移堆积效应的研究进展

屋盖表面的雪颗粒在风力作用下发生复杂的漂移堆积运动,对建筑结构、交通、环境等方面造成很大的影响。雪粒在风力作用的运动形式包含蠕移、跃移、悬移运动以及雪粒与地表的碰撞运动。从实地观测、风洞试验和数值方法等方面详细评述了风致积雪的漂移堆积效应研究进展:通过实地观测细致分析了临界摩阻速度,并建立了计算雪流量的理论模型;风雪两相运动的风洞试验涉及相似参数多,该文根据前人经验总结了可以放松的相似参数,并指出了试验中的技术难点;数值研究方面一般基于Euler-Euler方法进行模拟,越来越多的因素在数值模拟中得到考虑。通过上述三方面的总结分析:指出了目前风雪研究中的不足之处,给出了今后研究的建议。

SIMULATION OF THE WIND-INDUCED SNOWDRIFT:STATE OF THE ART

Wind has the capability of causing large quantities of snow to drift from one place to another, resulting in significant change of snow distribution.Snowdrift has a great influence on building structures,traffic and environment,etc.Snow drift transport is commonly classified as creep,saltation,suspension and impact on the ground.A comprehensive survey is presented from the aspects of field observations,wind tunnel tests,and numerical simulation.Through field observation,the threshold friction velocity has been analyzed,and the theoretical model for calculating the deposition or erosive snow flux has been established,which is the foundation for wind tunnel test and numerical simulation.Characteristics of similarity criteria in simulating snowdrift are summarize,in which some dimensionless parameters can be relaxed in wind tunnel tests.Numerical simulations generally are based on an Eulerian reference frame,and more and more factors could be considered in numerical simulations.In the end,some suggestions are made for further research.