Experimental study on the creep behavior of frozen clay with thermal gradient |
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| Affiliation: | 1. College of Natural Resources and Environment and the Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and the Agri-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. State State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China;3. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2H1, Canada;4. Department of Soil Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5A8, Canada;5. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;6. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Ganshu 730000, China;7. CIRES, University of Colorado at Boulder, CO 80309, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China;2. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China;1. Department of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China;2. School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, Perth, WA 6027, Australia;3. School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China;1. Institute of Transportation, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China;2. Fugro Consultants, Inc., 8613 Cross Park Drive, Austin, TX 78754, United States;3. MCC Communication Construction group Co., Ltd, Beijing 100011, China |
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| Abstract: | Thermal gradient is one of the main features in frozen engineering, especially in artificial frozen wall (AFW) in deep alluvium. This paper investigated the creep behaviors of frozen soil with thermal gradient. A series of uniaxial creep tests were carried out on frozen saturated clay under various thermal gradients and creep stresses by GFC (freezing with non-uniform temperature without experiencing K0 consolidation) method. Two stages were observed during the whole creep process, i.e., instantaneous elastic deformation and decaying creep deformation. Radial creep deformation of ε3 almost increases linearly with an increase in axial creep deformation of ε1, and the slope of ε3–ε1 curve increases as the thermal gradient (or creep stress) increased. Long-term strength decreases as the thermal gradient (or the creep time) increased. Considering the correction equation on thermal gradient, the generalized Kelvin model consisting of one Hooke element and two Kelvin elements has been developed to describe the axial creep deformation. The validity of the model is verified by comparing its calculated results with the results of creep tests under both low and high thermal gradient. It is found that the axial creep deformation behavior of frozen saturated clay can be represented by generalized Kelvin model, and the proposed model reflects thermal gradient effects to the creep deformation well. |
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