Fabrication of BaTiO3 films on titanium by microarc oxidation method and improvement of bioactivity by electric poling treatment

A microarc oxidation (MAO) method was used to deposit a ferroelectric BaTiO₃ (BTO) film on titanium implant metal. The bioactivity of the sample was enhanced by negatively polarizing the film surface. BTO-1 and BTO-2 sample groups were fabricated by applying a constant AC current of 1.2 A/cm² (900 s) and 2.0 A/cm² (600 s), respectively. The BTO film surface was negatively polarized using a high temperature poling treatment. The bioactivity of the non-polarized BTO and polarized BTO films was compared using an immersion test in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (MEM). For both groups, 0.5-2 μm diameter pores were evenly distributed over the BTO film surface fabricated using the MAO method. The crystallinity and film-to-substrate bond strength of the BTO-2 film were higher than those of the BTO-1 film. The in vitro MEM immersion test demonstrated more calcium phosphate deposition on the negatively polarized BTO film than on the non-polarized BTO film.