三维数字重建在青铜器修复中的应用研究

如何利用数字化手段将文物碎片进行三维重建是当前考古学家和历史学家关注的问题。利用三维激光扫描仪获取了青铜器陶范残片的数据,利用人机交互的方式去除噪声点,利用变分法的隐式曲面建立点云数据的曲面,利用最邻近点法实现点云数据的转换,利用分形插值的方法进行三维曲面上的空洞修补,利用逆向工程和三维建模软件调整陶范模型的形状、纹饰、结构,对陶范进行反转法线处理,得到青铜器碎片。然后计算旋转轴,将青铜器碎片沿轴均匀排列,得到三维青铜器模型,并对缝隙进行修补。运用二维图像处理软件对需要进行纹理映射的纹饰进行修订,最后利用三维打印软件修复转换过程中的片面破损,并进行三维打印,得到真实的青铜器样本。从得到的青铜器来看,纹饰完整,器形规整,完全满足设计的要求。

Application of 3D Digital Reconstruction in the Repair of Bronze Ware

How to use digital means to reconstruct cultural relic fragments is an important issue, which is focused on by current archaeologists and historians. 3D laser scanner is used to collect the pieces data of bronze ware pottery mould in this study. Noise points are removed by the human-computer interaction. The surface of point clouds is created using the theory of implicit surface. The point cloud data conversion is realized using the method of adjacent points. The holes on the surface are repaired by interpolation. The shape, ornamentation, structure is adjusted using the software of reverse engineering and 3D modeling. The bronze pieces are created using the method of reversed normal on the pottery mould. Bronze pieces are arranged evenly along the axis which has been got from guides. Then the crack of the complete bronze is repaired. The texture of bronze ware is repaired according to photos and literatures. Finally the real bronze ware is created after the 3D printing software repairing the fragments which is created on the process of format conversion. The shape of created bronze is intact, the ornamentation is beautiful. In a word, the created bronze ware fully meets the requirements of design.