Controlled retting of hemp fibres: Effect of hydrothermal pre-treatment and enzymatic retting on the mechanical properties of unidirectional hemp/epoxy composites |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for BioProcess Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;2. Department of Forest Products/Wood Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Vallvägen 9D, 750-07 Uppsala, Sweden;3. Section of Composites and Materials Mechanics, Department of Wind Energy, Technical University of Denmark, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark;1. Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Microbiology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;2. Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Resource Utilization for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China;1. Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, UMR FARE A 614, 51097 Reims, France;2. Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France;3. Laboratory of Tree Cell Biology, Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan;1. Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, FARE, 51100 Reims, France;2. Université d''Avignon et des pays de Vaucluse, INRAE, EMMAH, 84000 Avignon, France;1. Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Jejawi, Perlis, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Jejawi, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia;3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Pauh Putra Main Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia;4. Green Design and Manufacture Research Group, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia;5. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr. Mansyur 20155, Medan, Indonesia;1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, Università di Bologna, Via Terracini 28, Bologna 40131, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Università di Bologna, Viale G. Fanin 44, Bologna 40127, Italy |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this work was to investigate the use of hydrothermal pre-treatment and enzymatic retting to remove non-cellulosic compounds and thus improve the mechanical properties of hemp fibre/epoxy composites. Hydrothermal pre-treatment at 100 kPa and 121 °C combined with enzymatic retting produced fibres with the highest ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 780 MPa. Compared to untreated fibres, this combined treatment exhibited a positive effect on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre/epoxy composites, resulting in high quality composites with low porosity factor (αpf) of 0.08. Traditional field retting produced composites with the poorest mechanical properties and the highest αpf of 0.16. Hydrothermal pretreatment at 100 kPa and subsequent enzymatic retting resulted in hemp fibre composites with the highest UTS of 325 MPa, and stiffness of 38 GPa with 50% fibre volume content, which was 31% and 41% higher, respectively, compared to field retted fibres. |
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| Keywords: | A Natural fibres A Polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) B Mechanical properties B Porosity |
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