同步合成模板炭化法制备双电层电容器电极用中孔炭材料的研究

以正硅酸乙酯为模板硅源，间苯二酚—甲醛凝胶为炭前驱体，采用同步合成模板炭化(SSTCM)法制备了具有可控结构的中孔炭材料。炭材料的比表面积可达1500m^2/g，平均孔径在3nm～10nm之间。经过酸催化水解预处理的二氧化硅模板前驱体溶液与间苯二酚—甲醛溶液混合，碱性条件下使两者的溶胶凝胶反应同步发生，得到有机，无机凝胶混合物。再经炭化、HF去模，制得SSTCM炭材料。N2等温吸脱附研究表明，与炭前驱体聚合物同步合成的结构可调的二氧化硅模板，导致了SSTCM炭材料可控中孔结构的形成。循环伏安研究表明，采用这种同步合成模板炭化法制备的SSTCM炭材料质量比容量达270F／g，炭材料具有的典型中孔结构使其可能成为一种理想的双电层电容器电极材料。

New mesoporous carbons prepared by a simultaneous synthetic template carbonization method for electric double layer capacitors

A simultaneous synthetic template carbonization method (SSTCM), where tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) was used as the source of the silica template and resorcinol-formaldehyde gel as the carbon precursor, was suggested for the preparation of mesoporous carbons with a controllable pore structure. A precursor solution of the silica template prepared by prehydrolysis of TEOS in an acid medium was blended with resorcinol-formaldehyde solution. The two sol-gel reactions proceeded simultaneously under basic conditions in a sealed vessel and resulted in the formation of organic/inorganic hybrids. A new mesoporous SSTCM carbon was obtained by dissolving the silica template with HF in the hybrid after carbonization, followed by drying. N2 adsorption isotherms at -196 ℃ suggested that the silica template synthesized simultaneously with the carbon precursor polymer resulted in the controllable mesoporous structure of the resultant carbons. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show that the as-prepared SSTCM carbons exhibit a high mass-specific capacitance up to 270 F/g. Their typical mesoporous structure makes these carbons promising materials for electric double layer capacitors.