基于虚拟再现行为的VR空间认知研究

为了研究虚拟环境下人对空间大小和空间距离的认知机理，提出一种基于虚拟再现行为的知觉匹配法。从虚拟现实（virtual reality，VR）空间对真实空间的再现性角度出发，构建VR空间与真实空间的知觉匹配模型，设计并开展VR空间认知系列实验，分析虚拟环境下人对空间大小和空间距离的认知倾向与认知偏差等。通过VR空间大小认知实验发现：在高度感和宽度感的认知上，分别以±1.9%和±1.4%的标准认知偏差度基本再现了与在真实空间中相同的认知；在深度感的认知上，存在距离被低估与判断力下降的现象，其标准认知偏差度约为±3.4%。通过自我中心距离认知实验发现：在VR空间中，自我中心距离的标准认知偏差度为±（0%~2.5%）；人对侧方向区域的距离认知明显优于正方向，同时对正前方和侧下方区域表现出更加稳定的距离认知，波动幅度小于0.5%，但对上方区域的距离认知具有不稳定性。通过尺寸-距离关系认知实验发现：添加尺寸参照可优化对正方向区域约1%的认知偏差；同时，可将标准认知偏差度缩小为±（0.5%~1.5%），有效提升了人在VR空间中对空间距离的判断能力。研究结果可为VR空间制作与虚拟人机交互设计提供理论支持，在一定程度上有利于用户交互体验的优化。

Research on VR spatial cognition based on virtual reproduction behavior

In order to study the cognitive mechanism of space size and space distance in virtual environment, a perceptual matching method based on virtual representation behavior was proposed. From the perspective of the reproducibility of virtual reality (VR) space to real space, the perception matching model of VR space and real space was constructed. A series experiments on VR spatial cognition were designed and carried out, and the cognitive tendency and cognitive deviation of people towards space size and space distance in virtual environment were analyzed. Through the space size cognition experiment, it was found that the cognition of height perception and width perception was basically the same as that in the real space with the standard cognitive deviation degrees of ±1.9% and ±1.4% respectively. However, in the cognition of depth perception, there was an underestimation of distance and a decline in judgment，and the standard cognitive deviation degree was about ±3.4%. Through the egocentric distance cognition experiment, it was found that in VR space, the standard cognitive deviation degree of egocentric distance was ±(0%~2.5%). In addition, people's cognition of distance in the contralateral direction was significantly better than that in the positive direction, and in the front and lower side direction, the distance cognition was more stable, with fluctuation amplitude less than 0.5%, but the cognition in the upper direction was unstable. Through the cognition experiment of the dimensional-distance relationship, it was found that adding the dimension reference could optimize the cognitive deviation in positive direction by about 1%. Meanwhile, the standard cognitive deviation degree could be reduced to ±(0.5%~1.5%), which effectively improved people’s ability to judge the spatial distance in VR space. The research results can provide theoretical support for VR space production and virtual human-computer interaction design, and optimize the user's interactive experience to some extent.