超疏水复合海绵材料的制备及在油水分离的应用

含油污水的治理已经成为世界性的难题, 如何有效分离油水混合物成为亟待解决的问题。本研究通过绿色环保、简单浸蘸的表面修饰法, 以三聚氰胺海绵(MS)作为基底材料, 选择氧化石墨烯溶液(GO)与聚四氟乙烯浓缩分散液(PTFE)的混合液对MS改性, 成功制备出性能优异的超疏水材料(GPMS)。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD), 热重分析仪(TG)、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对制备的GPMS进行结构、形貌和组分分析, 并对其表面浸润性、压缩循环性、选择吸附性能以及连续油水乳浊液分离性能进行了系统研究。结果表明, 制备的GPMS具有超疏水性(疏水角可达168°); 机械性能优越, 可以完成50次压缩循环实验; 能够选择性地吸附水上浮油与水下重油, 还可对油水乳浊液实现高效分离, 是一种具有实际应用价值的含油污水治理材料。

Preparation of Superhydrophobic Composites Sponge and Its Application in Oil-water Separation

The treatment of oily wastewater has become a worldwide problem. How to effectively separate the oil-water mixture has become an urgent problem to be solved. Here, the environmental friendly and simple dipping surface modification method was used to modify the melamine sponge(MS) by using a mixture of graphene oxide(GO) and polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE), and superhydrophobic material(GPMS) was successfully prepared. Structure, morphology and composition of the obtained GPMS were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), thermogravimetric(TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope(FT-IR), and scanning electron microscope(SEM). Its surface wettability, compression cycle, selective adsorption performance, and continuous oil-water emulsion separation performance were systematically studied. The results show that the GPMS is superhydrophobic with hydrophobic angle up to 168°. It can undertake 50 compression cycles, selectively adsorb both floating oil and underwater heavy oil, and efficiently separate oil-water emulsion. Therefore, the GPMS is a kind of potentially applicative oil pollution control material.