碳基电化学双层电容器及复合电源系统的研制

碳基电化学超电容器作为一种新一代储能系统具有广泛的应用。多种测试及研究手段表明本文制备的炭材料具有适合电化学超电容器用途的特殊结构和型貌。直流充放电、循环伏安以及交流阻抗等实验显示了使用该材料组装的电容器具有良好的电化学性能，活性物质的比容量为168．5F／g，在大功率充放电条件下的活性物质的能量密度＞5.0Wh/kg,同时具有10^5以上的循环寿命，脉冲放电实验证明超电容器能有效改善镍氢电池的大电流脉冲放电性能。

Carbon Based Double-layer Capacitor and Composite Power Source

The electrochemical storage of energy in a special kind of active carbon materials used as capacitor electrodes was considered. Petroleum coke was used to prepared activated carbons with special porosities and structures by NaOH and vapor etching with catalysis of NaHCO3 in turn. Nitrogen adsorption was used to characterize the porous structure of the carbons. Carbon electrodes were fabricated to serve as electrodes of double layer capacitors. The electrochemical performance of the capacitors in 6M KOH was investigated with constant current charge and discharge experiments. A specific capacitance larger than 160F/g was achieved with an electrode composed of 75% active carbon and 20% graphite. Evaluation of capacitor performance by different techniques, e.g. voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy characteristics was also discussed. A hybrid power source consisting of nickel-hydrogen battery and double layer capacitor was demonstrated to power successfully simulated power loads encountered in communication equipment or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).