Vaccine delivery: Nanopatch‐Targeted Skin Vaccination against West Nile Virus and Chikungunya Virus in Mice (Small 16/2010) |
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Authors: | Tarl W Prow Xianfeng Chen Natalie A Prow Germain J P Fernando Cindy S E Tan Anthony P Raphael David Chang Merja P Ruutu Derek W K Jenkins Alyssa Pyke Michael L Crichton Kristin Raphaelli Lucas Y H Goh Ian H Frazer Michael S Roberts Joy Gardner Alexander A Khromykh Andreas Suhrbier Roy A Hall Mark A F Kendall |
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Affiliation: | 1. The University of Queensland, Delivery of Drugs and Genes Group (D2G2), Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 (Australia);2. School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072 (Australia);3. Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102 (Australia);4. Public Health Virology Queensland Health Forensic and Scientific Services Coopers Plains, Queensland 4108 (Australia);5. The University of Queensland, Therapeutics Research Centre, School of Medicine, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102 (Australia);6. Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Australian Centre for International & Tropical Health, Herston, Queensland 4029 (Australia) |
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Abstract: | The ‘Nanopatch’ (NP) comprises arrays of densely packed projections with a defined geometry and distribution designed to physically target vaccines directly to thousands of epidermal and dermal antigen presenting cells (APCs). These miniaturized arrays are two orders of magnitude smaller than standard needles—which deliver most vaccines—and are also much smaller than current microneedle arrays. The NP is dry‐coated with antigen, adjuvant, and/or DNA payloads. After the NP was pressed onto mouse skin, a protein payload co‐localized with 91.4 ± 4.1 APC mm?2 (or 2925 in total) representing 52% of the delivery sites within the NP contact area, agreeing well with a probability‐based model used to guide the device design; it then substantially increases as the antigen diffuses in the skin to many more cells. APC co‐localizing with protein payloads rapidly disappears from the application area, suggesting APC migration. The NP also delivers DNA payloads leading to cutaneous expression of encoded proteins within 24 h. The efficiency of NP immunization is demonstrated using an inactivated whole chikungunya virus vaccine and a DNA‐delivered attenuated West Nile virus vaccine. The NP thus offers a needle‐free, versatile, highly effective vaccine delivery system that is potentially inexpensive and simple to use. |
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Keywords: | immunology medicine microstructures transcutaneous vaccine delivery |
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