Mechanical properties of potentially-smart carbon/epoxy composites with asymmetrically embedded shape memory wires |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Centre for Composites, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia;2. College of Engineering and Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia;1. Research Center of Materials Engineering, University of Kerman Industrial Graduate, Kerman, Iran;2. School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;3. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K.N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;4. Faculty of Materials Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran;1. National Engineering Research Center of Light Alloy Net Forming and Key State Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composite, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;2. Shanghai Aviation Precision Machinery Research Institute, Shanghai 201600, China;3. Science and Technology on Space Physics Laboratory, Beijing 100076, China;1. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fluorine Chemistry and Chemical Materials, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;2. National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Material Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;3. Department of Physics & Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;1. Dept. of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Dept. of Materials and Design Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | Embedding Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) wires in composite structures enables controlling of their mechanical properties. The main aim of this study is to characterize experimentally the mechanical properties of two-layer smart composite structures which are made of one layer of carbon fibers epoxy laminate and one layer of epoxy embedded with SMA wires. A carbon/epoxy layer was first fabricated using vacuum infusion method. Then a SMA/epoxy layer was prepared separately and then laid over the completely cured carbon/epoxy layer using the hand lay-up process. The final structure is smart and has potential of being specifically bent under controlled thermal loading, due to the embedded pre-strained SMA wires. However the temperature was kept constant and there was no thermal excitation of the SMA wires in this experimental study. The configuration of the material constituents through the thickness of the structure renders the cross-section to be unsymmetrical. The specimens were tested in a specially developed unsymmetrical tensile testing machine. From the readings of force from the testing machine and strain gages, the tensile and shear stress–strain relations of the composite materials were obtained. The elastic and shear moduli and also Poisson’s ratio of the composite materials were defined and it was observed that, the effective moduli increased with increasing density of SMA wires in the layer. It is concluded that, due to the asymmetrical material variation, finding the mechanical properties via conventional testing machine is not accurate and a special testing machine is needed. |
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