精密技术中热变形误差影响的基本问题

在精密测量和精密机械等精密工程技术领域，影响精度的众多因素中，温度变化引起的热变形误差已成为主要的甚至决定因素、由于精度不断提高，传统热变形误差的某些概念与方法已失去实用价值．该文分析了热变形误差的研究与应用现状，研究了适应高精度技术的热变形误差新概念、新方法，提出了几种实用性不同的热膨胀系数概念以及精确热膨胀系数和科学热膨胀系数定义．在全面分析热变形误差的多种因素基础上，研究了物体形状结构对其参数热变形影响的新认识并举例说明，同时提出相应的热变形系数，最后简介了考虑形状影响的热变形误差建模方法．

Basic Problems about Thermal Deformation Error in Precision Technology

In the field of precision mechanics and engineering technology, the thermal deformation error is often the dominate cause among the factors affecting the accuracy, some concepts and methods of the traditional thermal deformation errors have lost their practical value. This paper analyzes the situation about the research and application in the field of thermal deformation errors, and develops some new concepts and novel methods applicable for high-precision technology, and presents some ideas about the thermal expansion coefficient including the precision thermal expansion coefficients, and the scientific thermal expansion coefficient. On the base of the complete analyses of influences on the different factors of thermal deformation, a new understanding about the influence on thermal deformation coefficient is presented, meanwhile an example is introduced and the relative thermal deformation coefficient is given considering of the influences of the form. At last, the module-construction method about the thermal deformation error is briefly introduced.