三种壳类植物纤维/聚氯乙烯复合材料性能比较

以壳类植物纤维(榛子壳、椰壳、稻壳)为填料,以聚氯乙烯(PVC)为基体,采用挤出成型工艺制备三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料。对三种壳类植物纤维进行了成分分析;对三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料进行了力学性能和吸水性能测试,并进行了FTIR和TG-DSC联用法分析,用SEM观察了复合材料断面微观结构。结果表明:三种壳类植物材料中,稻壳纤维素含量最高,稻壳纤维/PVC复合材料有较好的结合界面和力学性能,稻壳纤维/PVC复合材料弯曲强度为69.79 MPa,分别比椰壳纤维/PVC和榛子壳纤维/PVC复合材料高4.34%和24.87%。三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料24h吸水率均小于1%,其中椰壳纤维/PVC复合材料吸水性较小,其24h吸水率为0.600 5%,榛子壳纤维/PVC复合材料热稳定性较好。三种壳类植物纤维/PVC复合材料力学性能和吸水性均符合国家标准GB/T 24137—2009和GB/T 24508—2009要求。

Performance comparison of three kinds of husk’s fibers/polyvinyl chloride composites

Three types of plant fibers (hazelnut shell,coconut shell,and rice-husk)were separately added into polyvinyl chloride (PVC)as the fillers to prepare three types of husk’s fibers/PVC composites through the extru-sion molding process.The components of the plant fibers were analyzed and the mechanical property and water absorbency capability of the composites were tested.The FTIR spectra analysis and TG-DSC analysis was conducted on the husk’s fibers/PVC composites.The section microstructures of the composites were observed by SEM.The results show that the rice-husk is the richest in cellulose,and rice-husk/PVC composite has the best binding inter-face and mechanical properties with bending strength at 69.79 MPa,which is 4.34% and 24.87% higher than that of the coconut shell/PVC and the hazelnut shell/PVC composites,respectively.The water absorption in 24 h of the comoposites are all below 1%,and the coconut shell/PVC composite has the lowest water absorption rate among them,which is 0.600 5% in 24h,while the hazelnut shell/PVC composite has the best heat stability.The mechani-cal property and water absorbency capability of husk’s fibers/PVC composites are all up to GB/T 24137—2009 and GB/T 24508—2009,respectively.