超高温氧化物陶瓷激光增材制造技术与缺陷控制研究进展

超高温氧化物陶瓷具有高强度、高硬度、天然杰出的抗氧化和抗腐蚀性能，被认为是极端氧化腐蚀环境下长期服役的理想高温结构材料。激光增材制造 (LAM) 技术以其特有的高效、快速、无需模具、柔性制造等优点，成为近年来直接快速制备高性能复杂结构陶瓷构件最具潜力的近净成形技术。本文概述了陶瓷材料LAM技术的原理，重点阐述了高性能氧化物陶瓷及其复合材料选择性激光烧结、选择性激光熔化和激光近净成形三种代表性的LAM技术成形特点、优势及应用，并探究了超高温氧化物陶瓷LAM中的缺陷控制方法。最后，展望了LAM高性能复杂结构超高温氧化物陶瓷的发展趋势和突破点。 

Research progress on laser additive manufacturing technology and its defect control for ultra-high temperature oxide ceramics

Ultra-high temperature oxide ceramics present high strength,hardness,and outstanding oxidation and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures,which are ideal high temperature structural materials for long period service under the high temperature oxidizing environment.Laser additive manufacturing(LAM)technology has become the most promising near-net-shaping technology for fabricating large and complex parts due to its unique advantages of high efficiency,rapid flexible manufacturing,and free-form net shaping without molds.In this paper,the technology principles,the process characteristics,and the research progresses have been overviewed for three representative LAM technologies:the selective laser sintering,the selective laser melting,and the laser engineered net shaping for the manufacturing of the ultra-high temperature oxide ceramics.The defect control methods during the LAM processes for oxide ceramics have also been investigated in detail.Finally,the development trends and the breakthrough points have been prospected for the LAM ultra-high temperature oxide ceramics.