碳纤维铝蜂窝夹芯复合结构隔声性能研究

铝蜂窝夹芯复合结构在航空工业、高速列车及汽车车体中得到越来越多的应用,其隔声性能对车内及机舱噪声有重要影响。建立了碳纤维铝蜂窝夹芯复合结构有限单元模型,用有限单元法计算了结构在声载荷激励下的响应,并计算分析了复合结构的隔声性能,分析了碳纤维复合面板厚度、面板层数、铺设角度、铝蜂窝芯层的厚度、铝蜂窝壁厚对隔声性能的影响。研究结果表明,面板采用碳纤维复合结构时,在小于1 000 Hz的低频段,相同面板厚度的铝蜂窝复合结构隔声性能比全铝合金材料的铝蜂窝夹芯复合结构有所降低,而且在高频段会出现隔声量更低的隔声低谷;相较于铝合金面板,复合结构的面板采用碳纤维复合材料时,能够实现整体结构轻量化也提高复合结构的隔声性能;各层之间按相对90°铺设时复合结构隔声性能最好;随着面板厚度的增加复合结构隔声性能增加,面板层总厚度不变的情况下,单层面板或者过多的层数都会使复合结构隔声性能降低。

A study on sound insulation for sandwich structures with carbon fiber panel and aluminum honeycomb core

Aluminum honeycomb sandwich composite structures are increasingly used in the aviation industry, high-speed trains and automobile bodies. Its sound insulation performance has an important impact on the cabin and interior noise. In this paper, a finite element model of sandwich composite structure with the carbon fiber panels and aluminum honeycomb core is established. The response of structures excited by acoustic loads are achieved by using of the finite element method, and the sound insulation performance of the composite structure are calculated and analyzed, the influence of panel layer number, laying angle, thickness of carbon fiber panel on sound insulation performance are analyzed and compared, the thickness of aluminum honeycomb core layer and aluminum honeycomb wall thickness on sound insulation performance are also analyzed and compared. The results show that the sound insulation of aluminum honeycomb composite structure with carbon fiber panels is lower than that of aluminum honeycomb sandwich structure with the aluminium material panels at low frequencies smaller than 1000Hz, and at high frequencies, there is a more lower level of sound insulation at the sound insulation trough with the same panel thickness. Compared with the aluminum alloy panel, when the composite structure panel is made of carbon fiber composite material, the overall structure can be lightened and the sound insulation performance of the composite structure can be improved.The sound insulation of the composite structure is the best when the layers are laid at relative 90 degrees, with the increase of the thickness of the panel, the sound insulation level of the composite structure increases. When the total thickness of the panel layer remains unchanged, single-layer panels or panels with too many layers will reduce the sound insulation level.