标准动车组用空气弹簧动力学建模与服役性能试验研究

空气弹簧作为我国动车组二系悬挂的关键部件,其性能直接影响到乘客的舒适性,甚至影响到行车安全。以我国最新研发的标准动车组上使用的510B型空气弹簧为研究对象,研究其服役前后性能的改变。分别建立了空气弹簧的有限元模型及气动力学模型,并对新空气弹簧和已经服役30万公里以上的510B型空气弹簧进行静态、动态的例行试验。通过对模型仿真数据与试验数据进行对比,结果表明:新空气弹簧模型动、静态的仿真的滞回曲线和试验所得的滞回曲线吻合较好,所建立的510B型空气弹簧模型能够很好的描述空气弹簧的动态特性;通过修改动力学模型的相关参数,能够很好的描述已经服役的空气弹簧的特性;能够初步的揭示510B型空气弹簧在服役后其垂向刚度及阻尼会有一定程度的增加,对研究空气弹簧老化以及其对整车动力学性能的影响具有一定的实际应用价值。

Study on Evolution of Aging Stiffness Characteristics of Air Springs

Air spring ,whose performance directly affects passenger comfort and even affects driving safety, is the key component of the second suspension of a high-speed EMU. Taking the 510B air spring used in the latest EMU developed in China as the research object to study the air spring’s performance changes before and after service. The finite element model and aerodynamic model of the air spring were established respectively, and the static and dynamic routine tests were carried out on the new air spring and the 510B air spring that had already served more than 300,000 kilometers. By comparing the model simulation data with the experimental data, the results show that: The hysteretic curve of the dynamic and static simulation of the new air spring model agrees well with the hysteresis curve obtained by the test. The established Model 510B air spring model can well describe the dynamic characteristics of air springs; By modifying the relevant parameters of the kinetic model, the characteristics of the air springs already in service can be well described; It can be preliminarily revealed that the vertical stiffness and damping of Type 510B air spring will increase to a certain extent after service, which has certain practical application value for studying the aging of air spring and its influence on the dynamic performance of the whole vehicle.