空气弹簧的现状及其发展

空气弹簧在振动控制上有着卓越的表现,受到广大科研人员的关注。此文章简要介绍了国内外空气弹簧的诞生、发展历史、现状、应用范围和它的主要特点。针对空气弹簧的相关理论,刚度特性、频率特性、阻尼特性和非线性特性等方面进行了详细论述。空气弹簧具有的非线性特性是强非线性,它的非线性主要由材料非线性、几何非线性和接触非线性组成。对国内外现有的空气弹簧类型进行了简要说明。并分机械式、电子控制式和智能控制式三个方面阐述了空气弹簧控制系统发展的历史阶段和发展趋势,根据国内外相应的资料对空气弹簧的几种破坏形式作了简介,最后指出了空气弹簧未来的四个研究方向:主附气室体积比对空气弹簧性能影响的研究,空气弹簧非线性特性的研究,空气弹簧的智能控制系统的研究,高强度高耐磨性耐寒的空气弹簧气囊材料的研究。

FUTURE AND DEVELOPMENT OF AIR SPRINGS

Due to the excellent feature of air spring in vibration control,the air spring has drawn a lot of attention.Here the developing history,present situation and main characteristics of air spring are simply introduced.The theory concerned with air spring is discussed in detail from four aspects,namely,stiffness,frequency,damping and nonlinear characteristic.The air spring is of strong nonlinear characteristic;which consists of geometrical nonlinearity,material nonlinearity and contact nonlinearity.The types of air springs both at home and abroad are introduced.The history and the development tendency of the air spring control are described from the stage of mechanical and electronic control to stage of intelligent control,then several destruction forms of air spring are studied based on the related domestic and external informations.Finally,four future research fields of air spring are suggested,including the effect of the volume ratio of main gas chamber to attached gas chamber;nonlinear characteristics;intelligent control system;high strength,wear-resisting and frost-resisting material of ballonet for air spring.