辐板型式和轮轨接触点位置对车轮声辐射特性的影响

为了分析不同车轮辐板型式和轮轨接触点位置对车轮声辐射特性的影响，建立了车轮有限元-边界元混合振动声辐射模型。首先，根据车轮实际拓扑结构建立三维实体有限元模型，采用分块Lanzos法求解结构的特征值问题，然后采用模态叠加法计算车轮结构在法向单位力激励下的动态响应，将车轮外表面的速度处理成声学边界元的输入，计算车轮的辐射噪声。数值计算中，考虑了S型、直型和波浪型三种辐板型式和轮缘、名义滚动圆处和车轮外侧三个轮轨接触点位置。结果表明，辐板型式和轮轨接触点位置对车轮声辐射具有较明显的影响。而且，不同辐板型式车轮在不同轮轨接触点位置下的声辐射特性也不尽相同。数值分析可以为低噪声车轮的选型提供一定的参考。

Effects of web shape and contact position on sound radiation characteristic of railway wheel

In order to investigate the effect of wheel web shape and contact position on the sound radiation characteristic of the railway wheel, a hybrid FEM-BEM vibro-acoustic model is developed. A 3D solid finite element model (FEM) is developed. In the FEM model, the eigenfrequencies and mode shapes of the wheel are calculated by using a “Block Landzos” method. The frequency responses of the wheel due to a normal unite force excitation are determined using modal superposition method. The dynamic response is used as velocity boundary condition in acoustic boundary element model (BEM) for noise radiation analysis. In the numerical simulation, three types of web shapes (s-type, straight-type, and corrugated-type) and three contact positions (flange contact, nominal contact, and field side contact) are considered. The numerical results indicate that the web shape and contact position have a significant effect on the sound radiation of the wheel. Moreover, the sound radiations from different web shapes of wheels are different for the same contact position. The investigation can help optimize design of low-noise railway wheel. The theory and the algorithm of the artificial neural network are applied in the research of the technique and the composition, the gross mass fraction of element, the thickness of surface alloying layer as well as the absorption rate is built. The calculation results are in good agreement with the experimental results.