基于声阵列的飞机地面声爆测试技术

开展超声速飞机飞行条件下的地面声爆测试是声爆问题研究的重要技术手段。针对大范围、高精度地面声爆的测试问题，提出了采用声阵列进行地面声爆测试的飞行试验技术方案，并开展了试验验证。根据声爆在真实大气中的传播特性，以声阵列为核心设计地面声爆测试方案和分布式测试系统，提出基于航迹切入程序进行飞行动作设计的方法，形成声爆-飞行状态-飞行航迹-地面至空中气象条件的综合方案。采用该飞行试验技术方案对某型歼击机的地面声爆进行了实测，结果表明该方案合理可行，能可靠地进行不同飞行条件下的地面大范围声爆测量及其相关参数测量，基于系综平均法设计的声阵列可提升稳定飞行状态的声爆测量精度，三种声爆测量传声器布置方案能够用于评估地面对声爆传播的影响。

An acoustic array based measurement technique of aircraft sonic boom on ground surface

The measurement and assessment of the sonic boom on the ground surface caused by flying supersonic aircraft is an important approach to studying the problem related to the sonic boom. For the needs of large-area and high-precision measurements of sonic boom on ground surface, a flight test scheme using acoustic array is proposed and verified by flight test results. According to the sonic boom propagation characteristics in the atmosphere, the measurement layout and the distributed measuring system with an acoustic array as the core are designed. The flight path intercept procedure is presented for flight test run design to conduct the comprehensive measurements of sonic boom pressure, flight status, flight track and meteorological conditions. The flight test scheme is applied to measuring the sonic boom on ground surface of a certain fighter aircraft. The results show that the flight test scheme can measure the sonic boom and its related parameters reliably and feasibly under different flight status. The acoustic array designed based on ensemble-averaging technique improves the measurement accuracy of sonic boom in the stabilized flight state. The presented three types of microphone layouts for sonic boom measurements can evaluate the interference effect of ground on sonic boom propagation.