中外轨道交通噪声标准探析

轨道交通作为当下人们出行的主要方式，缓解了城市交通压力，降低了能耗，但由此带来的噪声污染是限制其发展的主要原因。目前，世界各国都在探索降低轨道交通噪声的方法，制定适宜本国的噪声标准。以波哥大地铁1号线项目为研究背景，对主要国家的轨道交通噪声标准从测点位置、计算方法、计权方式等方面进行对比分析，同时进行噪声实测，根据不同噪声标准进行信号处理。结果表明，对同一噪声信号，各标准的等效连续声级相同，而随时间变化的声压级因时间计权不同而有所差异，根据这一分析结果提出适合波哥大地铁项目的设计噪声标准，为轨道交通噪声评价提供参考，也为中国建筑企业拓展海外项目提供依据。

Analysis of noise standards for rail transit in different countries

As a main way for public transport at present, rail transit reduces the pressure of urban traffic and the energy consumption, but the railway noise pollution is the main factor limiting its development. Nowadays, most countries in the world are exploring ways to reduce the railway traffic noise and establish noise standards suitable for their own countries. Based on Bogota Metro Line 1 project, the comparative analysis of the noise standards for rail transit in major countries is conducted in this paper from the aspects of measured points, calculating and weighting method, etc. Meanwhile, the measured noise is evaluated by the standards in different countries, and it is shown that the equivalent continuous sound pressure levels are completely identical for the same noise, while the sound pressure levels varying over time are different due to different time weighting. The analytical results helped design the noise standards suitable for the Bogota metro project, which could provide a reference for railway traffic noise evaluation and for Chinese construction companies to expand overseas projects.