室内声学测量中常用声源性能的比较

在室内声学测量中，参数的测量结果受到测试技术和系统的影响。从测试技术来看，传统的方法是使用模拟信号源(气球、发令枪等)，而现代的方法是使用计算机产生的数字的信号，通过扬声器发出。本文扼要阐述了室内声学传统的测量方法，对气球破裂，电火花及白噪声等三种常用声源的瞬态时频特性及其典型实用测量作了对比分析研究，得出电火花频谱较宽，且较接近于理想的白噪声谱，信号的重复性也较好，是其中最佳的声源。但这些传统测量方法的共同缺点就是信号不能完全重复，测量精度不够，一般只适用于混响较长的房间的测量，文中对它们的适用范围及其局限性作了讨论，为进一步研究工作提供了基础。

Comparison of characteristics of popular sound sources for room acoustical measurements

In room acoustic measurement, the results of objective parameters can be influenced by the measurement techniques and instruments used. Traditional techniques are based on common sources (balloon, spark or pistols), and new techniques on the loudspeakers driven by digital signals. In this paper, traditional methods for room acoustical measurement are described. For three types of popular sound sources, i. e. balloon explosion, spark and random noise, their characteristics in both the time and frequency domains as well as the results of typical applications are compared and analyzed. It is concluded that among the three sources, spark is the best. All these sources do not have a satisfactory repeatability. They are most adequate for the measurements in rooms with long reverberation time. The applicability and limitation of these sources are discussed. It provides a foundation for further investigation.